Referring to your first question, I read a book on the battle of the Chosin Reservoir (The Frozen Chosin) in Korea, and the only GI's that felt out gunned were the ones with the M1 and M2 carbines. The round is anemic, and had trouble penetrating heavy coats and multiple layers of clothing. The cold weather posed two problems for the .30 carbines. 1. The wound, when it did penetrate, didn't bleed much due to the restricted veins (they attributed some of this to the narcotics the enemy was supplied with) and 2. The gas system wouldn't function reliably turning the carbines into bolt actions.
The GI's generally were happy with their Garands, and M14's as they had good knockdown power, reliability, and terminal ballistics in the cold weather. I'll try and find the book and post the name and the author for you guys.
The GI's generally were happy with their Garands, and M14's as they had good knockdown power, reliability, and terminal ballistics in the cold weather. I'll try and find the book and post the name and the author for you guys.