A little history .... 9x19mm, 9mm Luger, 9mm Parabellum , and 9mm NATO are all the same cartridge .... it is the most popular centerfire cartridge in the world. It began when Georg Luger designed the cartridge back in the late 1800's or very early 1900's. In 1904, it was adopted by the German Navy and in 1908, it was adopted by the German Army ... both services used it in a pistol designed by George Luger .... known as the P08 Luger. Later the German Army and police used a Walther P-38 chambered in 9mm.
The cartridge itself was loaded with smokeless powder, which was very new back at the turn of the last century. It was also loaded with a 124~125 grain jacketed round nose bullet (AKA FMJ). The 9mm cartridge started gaining modest popularity in the US after 1935, when John Browning's Browning Hi Power pistol went into production. The cartridge was still loaded exclusively with 124 gr bullets well into the late 1960's and it wasn't until about 1970 when the "Wonder 9" years began when 115gr bullets became popular.
Like most other pistols, there is a +or- 15% bullet weight tolerance required to operate the slide and produce an adequate velocity. As lighter bullets are used, slide thrust decreases and as heavier bullets are used, velocity drops below acceptable limits. In theory, for a 9mm pistol the lightest bullet that will operate a slide is about 106 gr, however in practical application, a 115 gr is much more reliable. On the heavy end, a 147gr bullet is the max bullet weight.
124gr bullets can be pushed almost as fast as 115gr bullets without exceeding max chamber pressure. As such, the heavier 124gr bullets develop higher momentum, which is the preferred method to rate lethal effects from a firearm. If you look at the Momentum / Energy chart .... here's a link:
Ammo Momentum and Energy Chart for common handgun cartridges, you will see the velocity for a factory 124gr load is slightly lower than a 115gr bullet yet it develops higher muzzle energy and momentum. The 147gr is actually higher in momentum than the 124gr but it's velocity is lower than desired for bullet expansion. Most 9mm bullets require at least 1000 fp before they will expand (mushroom).
So .... when you consider all the facts, a 124gr bullet is the optimum weight for a 9mm pistol and is why 9mm NATO cartridges are loaded with 124gr FMJ bullets. Hollow point bullets are not authorized in war so 124gr FMJs perform better than 115gr FMJs.
So why all the hype for 115gr 9mm bullets??? First, because 115gr bullets can be loaded with faster velocities without exceeding max chamber pressure limits, it means they will expand more reliably. This is why most "high tech", super whiz-bang bullets are normally made in 115gr. If you read gun magazines .... it seems every month a new 115gr 9mm bullet is featured that is the best ever! Second, for practice ammo where raw power and expansion are not important, 115gr FMJ bullets are cheaper than other weights or styles.