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1/9, 10.5", and XM193 for close range?

8.5K views 12 replies 7 participants last post by  AFshirt  
#1 ·
I know it seems everyone likes to run 1/7 twists and heavy/long premium bullets at 5.56 pressures for everything from social work to pick your favorite Mad Max/ZA happy place. And this seems to include pistols and SBRs.

I stock 5.56mm m193 in either Federal or PMC X-Tac when I can. I'll take two or three boxes of those to a single box of premium stuff. If zombied, pigmy, goat people overrun us tonight or tomorrow, that is what is in my mags for my rifle. It's what I'll practice and shoot with. As I build my pistol it will be what I'll be shooting. Just want to make that understood. I won't be stocking "the good stuff," and I want to shoot what I'll stock.

Now going back and studying Stoner's original design the M193, 55 grain was intended to be shot from a 20" barrel with a 1/14 twist. This just stabilized the bullet enough to give good accuracy, yet according to the history had "devastating effects." The change to 1/12 was because the Air Force was having issues with stabilization affecting accuracy in severe cold conditions way up north. So everything got changed as a compromise and the round diminished a little on the business end.

Looking at this and contemplating an AR pistol with a barrel in the 10-11 inch range and with an understanding that for any potential social work it would be at very close ranges. Room to room and across the street distances with 50 yards being about max and really more in the 15-40 yard range. I have a scoped AR rifle if I need to work to the end of the street or street to street. 100 yards would be a very long and very rare shot except for recreation.

Looking at this and the fact that the original very slow 1/14 from a 20" barrel seemed to put the 55 gr M193 at it's most destructive, which if I punched the right keys on the calculator means the bullet manage 1.42 revolutions in a 1/14 twist barrel, it makes me ask this.

Given the same M193 round exiting a 10.5" barrel with a 1/9 twist (1.17 revolution) and the reduced FPS from that barrel and running just above the fragmentation threshold (in more stabilized twist barrels too) would that perhaps somewhat replicate the just stabilized effect of the 1/14 original twist?

In other words at very close range would M193 from a 1/9 twist, 10.5-11" barreled pistol (or SBR for you Tax Stamp guys) be effective? Would it be enough less stable to yaw more likely early in tissue?
 
#2 ·
BLUF: I think the 1/9 will do you just fine shooting M193 or comparable. It's all math. Multiply twist rate by the muzzle velocity. Compare M193 in a 10.5" 1/9 to the same round fired from a 20" 1/14. Twist rates adjusted to 12" standard.

V of M193 for a 20" = ~3165fps. 1/14 = 1.1667/12. 3165 x 1.1667 = 3692.5 RPM.
V of M193 in a 10.5" = ~2790fps. 1/9 = 1.3333/12. 2790 x 1.3333 = 3720 RPM.
 
#3 ·
For the math impaired, thank you! I was sort of suspecting they would be close, but that makes it clear in numerical terms. Seeing the RPM rates of the two length/twist combos in print really helps with bringing the idea home.
 
#5 ·
They first adopted slow twist out of (understandable) ignorance. The 5.56mm round was developed from varmint rounds of the day. Even today, many varmint guns shoot 40 and 45 grain bullets at high velocity, 1/14 is the right choice. So they chose it. Later they gained more experience with their standard GI bullet (fmj-bt, not soft point square base) and tested more twists until 1/9 did the job. And it will do the job for you today in that short barrel you are planning.

Incidentally, the 1/7 twist accommodated tracer bullets, which are longer than their fmj and steel core counterparts. 1/7 slightly compromises any lead core bullet below 69 grains but the compromise was deemed acceptable because it stabilized longer tracer bullets. It happens to be GREAT with long 69 and heavier bullets, if that's what you shoot.

See articles written by Maj John Plaster for more history on the 1/7 twist. Better to get it from a guy who knows first hand.
 
#6 · (Edited)
Yep. A lot of compromise involved. A lot of folks don't realize that the 1/7 twist wasn't for the M855, but the M856 tracer. M855 works just fine in 1/9. All things being equal a 1/7 will wear more through heavy use. But, if you are going to be running tracers or other longer stuff and shooting long range, then it's 1/7. I'm still a big fan of the 1/8 twist for a great all around AR. Handles the shorter, lighter stuff fine and will run the 70+ grain well too.

I had a custom built AR with a stainless Rainier 14.5" barrel with pinned YHM comp in a 5.56 chamber and 1/8 twist with a Todd Jarrett free floated handguard. That thing was tight shooting with XM193 and really tight with Hornady 75 grain Steel Match.

A lot of folks are for maximum stabilization of heavy, premium loads. I want the bare minimum to get things to target with acceptable accuracy for a given load at a given distance (in this case M193) and have it start turning and stressing on impact into soft tissue. If it hits bone and goes into a couple of pieces, shattering bone and ripping large sections of muscle, that's good too. Follow ups are easier when things aren't moving at you as fast.

One of the lessons from Somalia, if people get past using it as the whole justification to declare the 5.56 as totally inadequate, is that the wrong combination can make things really not work. M855 out of very short barrels with a 1/7 twist against malnourished, very skinny, unarmored targets is not a good combination. Kind of like trying to get expansion, or at least a good tumble from a .458 Win Mag with copper solids on a whitetail fawn. It's just gonna pass on through. If it tumbles in the air after doesn't matter. If failed.
 
#8 ·
Took me a bit to remember to get back to this.

Thanks. Yeah, I didn't think I could fully recreate the terminal effect, but I figure that at 40 yards and under the 193 round should still be at threshold (barely) and still be fairly effective. Sort of like the M193 out of the old 1/12 barrel at distance, but still over threshold.
 
#10 ·
Except I'm trying to keep it inline with the ammo I stock and build up. Three boxes of XM193 for the price of a box of the performance stuff I can practice and use the same ammo for rifle and pistol while building both pistol and ammo stash on a lean budget.

The pistol won't be a primary defense weapon under normal circumstances. But I would like it to be functional for very close range in an event which would mean what I have stocked is what I have to last. With that in mind I'd rather build to that requirement. I know it's not optimal, but if I can achieve basic 193 fragmentation most of the time under those conditions with controlled pairs up close then it'll do for the alpacalypse or in a pinch.

Now if I could afford to buy 500-1000 round cases of the premium stuff often, that would be different. As it is, it takes me months or more of pinching to build up 500 rounds or more of XM193 and something else has to be put on hold to do that. So I stock in cycles and and smaller chunks.

Sure, I could practice with XM193 from a pistol with a 1x7, but it wouldn't be achieving the things I wanted terminally once that was all I had.
 
#11 ·
This is why I reload. You can buy 77g nosler Blems for the same price per hundred as 55g FMJs and make MK262 clone loads. Then you can easily practice with what you are using for defense.
 
#12 · (Edited)
M193 would probably work alright at close range. I've shot a few hogs with M193 using a 16' 1/9 RRA roughly around 60 yards and had mixed results. One wound was pretty big and I was surprised, the other was a bit less than I see with SP's or HP's.

There was also a 911 call in our district (EMS) where two burglars got shot with a 16' Bushmaster (unsure of twist) using FMJ (police chief wasn't sure on the exact loading, he said it was just some FMJ that he got at Walmart). On the guy who got shot in the arm the damage was enough that the guy had to have his arm severed. The other wound was a graze.

Personally on such a short barrel I'd go with a SP, HP or BTHP. You're chances of it being effective are a bit better.

Hornady 55 gr HP Training Ammo $17.99 per 50 rds

Hornady BTHP steel ammo review
 
#13 ·
If you look up the research done by Doc Roberts you will find that BTHP going the right velocity in a 69-77g (depending on twist ratio) is an outstanding defense round. There is also the 62g fusion, the MK318, or the 62g TTX.